The Role of External Pressure in the Fight Against Apartheid and Minori

The Role of External Pressure in the Fight Against Apartheid and Minority Rule in southern Africa External pressure played a very important part in bringing about the end of the apartheid. The embodied rejection of lily-white mastery in South Africa, in compositions of protests, strikes and demonstrations caused a decade of turbulent mass action in resistance to the imposition of still harsher forms of segregation and oppression. The Defiance bear on of 1952 carried mass mobilisation to new heights under the banner of non-violent resistance to the pass laws. These actions were influenced in part by the philosophy of Mohandas Gandhi. A critical pervert in the emergence of non-racialism was the formation of the congress Alliance, including the ANC South African Indian Congress the Coloured People?s Congress a small White congress organisation (the Congress of Democrats) and the South African Congress of Trade Unions. The Alliance gave formal expression t o an emerging unity across racial and naval division lines that was manifested in the Defiance Campaign and other mass protests of this period, which also saw women?s resistance take a more organised character with the formation of the Federation of South African Women. In 1955, a Freedom Charter was drawn up at the Congress of the People in Soweto. The Charter enunciated the principles of the struggle, stick the movement to a culture of human rights and no racialism. Over the next few decades, the Freedom Charter was elevated to an important symbol of the freedom struggle. The Pan-Africans Congress (PAC), founded by Robert Sobukwe and based on the philosophies of ?Africanism? and anti-com... ...economy and increasing international pressure, these developments made historic changes inevitable. F.W. de Klerk, who replaced Botha as State President in 1989, announced at the opening of sevens in February 1990 the unbanning of the liberation movements and release of political prisoners, notably Nelson Mandela. A number of factors led to this step. International financial, trade, sport and cultural sanctions were clearly biting. Above all, even if South Africa were nowhere near collapse, either militarily or economically, several years of emergency rule and ruthless repression had clearly neither destroyed the structures of organised resistance, nor helped put in legitimacy for the Apartheid regime or its collaborators. Instead, popular resistance, including mass and armed action, was intensifying.

To Sleep or not to Sleep Essay -- Personal Narrative Writing

To Sleep or not to SleepPull up a leather couch and cram for the midterms reads the headline for a article written by Sarah Heim for The Stanford Daily on October 5, 1999. The article describes the Bender Room, superstar of the study rooms that is frequented by Stanford students. Heim quotes students who describe the room as More homogeneous a livingroom than a library. One students said, You can always take a break and look outside at the view, and I like the leather couches. Hmm, is this a study area or a lounge? I found this article a little confusing at first. Couches? vision? I wonder if students like such rooms because they are good for study or distraction? Arent we supposed to avoid the temptations that are idle to our studies? I begin each day by taking a seat in a wooden chair near the doors of the room at St. Pauls Newman Center called the lounge. I charter spent a fair amount of time studying at the Newman Center and I have seen numerous others students studying and lounging in this room, yet before this year it was seldom a spot that seemed conducive for studying. In the center of the west wall there is a clock. The clock makes a buzzing sound that seems to fill the whole room. Just below the clock a picture of the Madonna holding the babe Jesus with his arms outstretched seems to call the wayward children who have wandered to the Western half of the room, furnished with tan chairs and couches. They are small and covered with coarse material, but soft. They form a semi-circle around a television and VCR on a double shelved metal cart occupying the northeast corner. When I entered the room on October second at 1100 a.m., Michael had succumbed to the temptation. He was lying, eyes closed, on his b... ...rad, on the other hand, avoided the couches and with that the doze factor-or so I thought. When I walked into the room October 12 at a quarter past three, Brad had his chair pushed back and his head resting on the table. Books were scat tered all over the table top and one was propped up as though he had been trying to read it with his head resting on his arms. Next to his right arm there was a can of visual modality Dew. I spoke in a loud, jesting tone Uh-Oh, Busted He lifted his head and I said Ah, sleeping and you wont even go to the couches He smiled and replied This way I dont sleep too long. We both laughed and as I left, he returned his head to the table. This isnt Stanford and these arent leather couches, but we offer all the temptations of home. Pull up a couch and cram for class-or sleep if you like If its good comme il faut for Stanford...

Internet Censorship :: essays research papers

Internet CensorshipFor centuries governments have tried to regular materials deemed conflicting or offensive. The history of western censorship was said to havebegun when Socrates was accused "firstly, of denying the gods recognized by theState and introducing new divinities, and secondly of corrupting the young." Hewas sentenced to remnant for these crimes. Many modern governments are attemptingto control access to the Internet. They are passing regulations that restrictthe freedom people once took for granted.     The Internet is a world replete(p) network that should non be regulated orcensored by any on country. It is a complex and limitless network which allowsboundless possibilities and would be effected negatively by the regulations andcensorship that some countries are intent on establishing. Laws that are meantfor other(a) types of communication will not necessarily gift in this medium.There are no physical locations where communications tak e place, making itdifficult to determine where violations of the law should be prosecuted. Thereis anonymity on the Internet and so ages and identities are not known this makesit hard to determine if il court-ordered activities are taking place in regards to peopleunder the legal age. As well, it is difficult to completely delete speech onceit has been posted, Meaning that distributing materials that are obscene arebanned becomes easy     The American Library joining (ALA) has a definition that statescensorship is the change in the access status of material, made by a governingauthority or its representatives. Such changes allow in exclusion, restriction,remove, or age/grade level changes. This definition, however, has a flaw inthat it only recognizes one form of censorship-governmental censorship.     Cyberspace, a common name for the Net, has been defined by one author asbeing "made up of millions of people who communicate with one ano ther throughcomputers. It is also "information stored on millions of computers worldwide, kind to others through telephone lines and other communication channels"that" make up what is known as cyberspace." The same author went on to say "term itself is elusive, since it is not so much a physical entity as adescription of an intangible."     The complexity of the Internet is demonstrated through its manycomponents. The most readily identifiable part is the World Wide Web (WWW).This consists of web pages that can be accessed through the use of a web browser.Web pages are created using a basic programming language. Another easilyidentified section of the Internet is e-mail. Once again it is a relativelyuser-friendly communication device. Some other less publicized sections of theInternet include Internet Relay Chat (IRC), which allows real time chatting to

Free Software Vs. Open Source :: essays research papers fc

Free parcel and Open SourceWhile Free software system Foundation founder Richard Stallman argues that Free Software is not Open Source, he is only half rightor only speaking about the caput of motivation (the half that matters to him). The definition of Open Source, as enshrined in the Open Source Definition (OSD) is a nearly verbatim copy of the Debian Free Software Guidelines (DFSG). Both the OSD and DFSG are practical articulations of Stallmans Free Software Definition (FSD). Open Source, with a different political and philosophical basis, can only exist because the FSD is wide enough to allow for its translation into other terms yet defined enough to allow for a directed and robust social movement. As very much as Stallman might want to deemphasize Open Source, he would never change the broadly defined definition of freedom that made its existence possible. This level of translatability deep down the domain of Free and Opens Source Software(FOSS) is echoed in the accessibl y of its philosophies and technologies to groups from across the political spectrum. Recalibrating the broad meaning of freedom outlined in the FSD to align with their own philosophies and politics, these groups apprehend FOSS as a model of openness and collaboration particularly well suited to meet their own goals. In this process of re-adoption and translation, FOSS has become the corporate wag child for capitalist technology giants like IBM, the expert and philosophical weapon of anti-corporate activists, and a practical template for a nascent movement to create an expert "Commons" to balance the power of capital. In these cases and others, FOSSs broadly defined philosophygiven legal form in licenseshas acted as a pivotal catamenia of inspiration for a diverse (and contradictory) set of alternative intellectual property instruments now available for other forms of creative work.As a site of technological practice, FOSS is not unique in its ability to take multiple li ves and meanings. For example, Gyan Prakash (1999) in Another Reason describes the way that many of the principles and practices of early twentieth century techno-science were translated, in ways similar to FOSS, during Indias colonial era. British colonizers who built bridges, trains, and hospitals pointed to their technological prowess as both a symbol of a superior scientific reason and justification for their undemocratic presence in the subcontinent. Prakash describes the way that a cadre of Indian nationalists re-visioned the practice and philosophical approach to techno-science to justify and direct their anti-colonial national arc movement.

Heinrich Rudolf Hertz :: biographies biography bio

He was born in Hamburg on 22 February 1857. His father Dr. jur. Gustav Ferdinand bike was Jewish, who had converted to Christianity. He was an advocate in Hamburg, then Oberlandsgerichtsrat, and from 1887 Senator and head of the administration of justice. His mother Anna Elisabeth, ne Pfefferkorn, was the daughter of the Frankfurt doctor, Dr. Pfefferkorn. As a child he was interested in practical things and equipped his own workshop. At age of 15, he entered the Johanneum Gymnasium (figure 1). he passed his Abitur (GCE A-levels), the best in his class. He showed an early interest in the internal sciences, and a practical skill in building physics equipment in the family workshop. He was also an enthusiastic linguist, learning Arabic and Sanskrit. Three years later, he left schood and went to Frankfurt to gain practical experience as the beginning of a career in engineering. In 1876 He went to Dresden Ploytechnic to work. He entered Munich University to be a scientist rather than an engineer during a year of compulsory military service from 1876 to 1877. In addition, he began studies in mathematics, but switched to practical physics. He moved to Berlin in 1878 and he met Hermann Helmholtz (1821 - 1894) who immediately recognized his talents and encouraged him greatly. He gained his PhD in 1880 and reminded at Berlin to work with Helmholtz as his assistant. In 1883, Hertz moved to Kiel to lecture in physics. He began his studies of the recent electromagnetic theory of James Clerk Maxwell.Maxwells theory had been based on unusual mechanical ideas about the luminiferous ether. and had not beenuniversally accepted. In 1884, Hertz rederived Maxwells equations bya new method, casting them in modern form without assumption of ether. However, the lack of a proper laboratory there caused him to take up the position of Professor of Physics at Karlsruhe and stayed for four years in 1885. In 1886 Hertz married Elizabeth Doll, daughter of a Karlsruhe profess or they had two daughters named Johanna and Mathilde. He discovered radio waves in 1888. In the same year, he began to suffer from toothache. In 1889 Hertz was appointed professor of physics at the University of Bonn and he keep his research on the discharge of electricity in rarefied gases. During the summer of 1892, he suffered from a bone disease and died of blood poisoning on 1 January 1894 at the early age of 36.

Heinrich Rudolf Hertz :: biographies biography bio

He was born in Hamburg on 22 February 1857. His perplex Dr. jur. Gustav Ferdinand bike was Jewish, who had converted to Christianity. He was an advocate in Hamburg, then Oberlandsgerichtsrat, and from 1887 Senator and head of the administration of justice. His mother Anna Elisabeth, ne Pfefferkorn, was the female child of the Frankfurt doctor, Dr. Pfefferkorn. As a child he was interested in practical things and equipped his own workshop. At age of 15, he entered the Johanneum Gymnasium (figure 1). he passed his Abitur (GCE A-levels), the best in his class. He showed an early interest in the natural sciences, and a practical skill in building physics equipment in the family workshop. He was also an enthusiastic linguist, development Arabic and Sanskrit. Three years later, he left schood and went to Frankfurt to gain practical experience as the beginning of a career in engineering. In 1876 He went to Dresden Ploytechnic to work. He entered Munich University to be a scientist rather than an engineer during a year of compulsory military service from 1876 to 1877. In addition, he began studies in mathematics, unless switched to practical physics. He moved to Berlin in 1878 and he met Hermann Helmholtz (1821 - 1894) who immediately recognized his talents and encouraged him greatly. He gained his PhD in 1880 and reminded at Berlin to work with Helmholtz as his assistant. In 1883, Hertz moved to Kiel to lecture in physics. He began his studies of the recent electromagnetic theory of James Clerk Maxwell.Maxwells theory had been based on unusual mechanical ideas well-nigh the luminiferous ether. and had not beenuniversally accepted. In 1884, Hertz rederived Maxwells equations bya new method, casting them in modern form without assumption of ether. However, the lack of a decent laboratory there caused him to take up the position of Professor of Physics at Karlsruhe and stayed for four years in 1885. In 1886 Hertz married Elizabeth Doll, daughter of a Karlsruhe professor they had two daughters named Johanna and Mathilde. He discovered radio waves in 1888. In the same year, he began to suffer from toothache. In 1889 Hertz was appointed professor of physics at the University of Bonn and he continued his research on the discharge of electricity in rarefied gases. During the summer of 1892, he suffered from a bone disease and died of blood poisoning on 1 January 1894 at the early age of 36.

Advertising to Youth

In the ever expanding world of consumerism and advertising, companies argon unendingly looking for bracing ways to sell their products to youth by make their commercials and campaigns more than memorable than the competition thus having to reinvent themselves. The youth generation has capture the prime target because they have more spending power than ever before because of more disposabel income, and change magnitude avenues at their disposal in which to spend their money. thitherfore companies spend an enormous amount of money on advertisement to ensure popularity and early pit loyalty.In the last decade, these superbrands argon looking towards new and outrageous ways to capture young listenings, although these campaigns are appealing, how effective are they? This essay is meant to demonstrate how companies are reinventing themselves, whether their efforts are effective, and what possible implications these actions may have on youth during their teenage years, when they may be the almost impressionable. As mentioned earlier, youth are incredibly important to the worldwide market, in The Advertising Age, Jeff Jensen mentions that in todays youth market Selling out is not only accepted, its considered hip (Klein, pg. 5) Corporate sponsorships have become a regular occurrence, as a conglomerates advertise during large sport events, concerts and or even host entire contests . This provides for a perfect channel of insight to a large amount of youth as they are usually key observers of these types of events. An example of this would be the how McDonalds was a sponser of the Vancouver surpassing Winter Games. end-to-end the two week duration of the games, McDonalds sponsorship was seen everywhere, which was ironic considering that most food introduceed at McDonalds is high in fat and cholesterol.Regardless of the facts, the company promoted themselves as a product of healthy active living by having athletes endorse their products. An earlier campaig n featured pop icon Justin Timberlake collaborating with the Golden Arches, and cr feeding the slogan and jingle Im Lovin It, which after furthered his give music career. The use of music to attract attention to a product has become a new advertising trend among numerous companies because it allows the system of rules to appear in tune with youth culture by using familiar songs, or artists to identify with the brand.A revolutionary effort made by gondola manufacturers such as Audi, Ford, Honda, and BMW has changed brand image by creating brand loyalty among a whole new generation and chasing young acquireers. (Halliday, 16) In the case of Audi, they sponsored David Bowies concert, and asked fans to collaborate two of his hit songs for their next campaign the winner would win a brand new Audi TT coupe. The target for the contest was skeweed to 20- nighthing consumers, younger than Audis tralatitious audience in their late 30s to early 50s (Halliday, 16) As for BMW, their angl e for targeting youth aged 15-30 years old was similarly clever.They sponsored young go-cart drivers by providing them with scholarships to scarper for BMW Formula USA professionally, not only helping build the winners careers, but have their new target audience identify with the drivers and therefore, the brand. In the past, luxury vehicles such as BMW and Audi were mostly marketed towards baby boomers, but marketers are arraying to realize the market value of advertising to youth approaching an age when they start deciding what car they should identify with. This creates brand loyalty at an early age, that will hopefully generate sales for the companies later on.The above are all examples of how to apprehend brand loyalty among youth at an early age. Although the campaigns are ingenious marketing strategies, the repercussions may be serious. In the case of McDonalds, there are some serious ethical issues centered rough the fact that a restaurant that sells junk food is promoti ng it ego as an alternative to a healthy lifestyle. Although they do offer healthier choices on their menu, their campaign during the Olympics featured the slogan you dont have to be an athlete to eat like one featuring athletes like Patrick Chan eating a burger.These types of commercials tend to be misleading to young viewers to believe that athletes actually eat fast food. Even viewers that are aware McDonalds is not a healthy choice might be more likely to purchase from the restaurant because of the constant advertising, and incentives such as official Olympic paraphernalia. The effect of the campaign was very successful, as McDonalds generated a sales profit of 4. 8 percent worldwide higher than last February, with a predicted increased of 4 percent. In retrospect, luxury automobile makers advertising to youth may be a seemingly harmless alternative to gaining future customers.But on close together(predicate) inspection, the line of work may lie deeper. By luxury models creati ng brand loyalty so early one, it gives the impression that any person can own an Audi or BMW, when in fact that is not the case. Many people will never be able to submit to this type of vehicle, but by instilling a desire so early on, may cause some to live beyond their means, meaning going into debt to own an Audi, and have a false intelligence of accomplishment. On the other hand, a teen may desire these cars, and dedicate themselves to working hard so that one day they be able to afford one.There is no way to tell whether this will have a positive or negative effect of the consumer, as the campaign is only a start to the reinvention of two brands that have for many decades been deemed as appropriate for middle-aged adults. During the era of Old Hollywood, product placement was a small part of the movie making business, as corporate products were secondary to the script and story line. In todays conglomerate controlled society, advertisement becomes the main form of funding fo r a interrogative picture, thus in some cases controlling the whole integrity of the buck.On television, certain shows are created nigh the product itself, and cleverly manipulated through repetition to instigate desire in the product. The prominence of this type of product placement is clearly visible in television and movie computer programing that is targeted at youth. An example is Americas Next Top Model, the corporate sponsor of the show is Cover Girl Cosmetics. The whole show is built around using the products, advertising them in the photograph shoot campaigns, and again repeating the brand at the end during the elimination ceremony.The brand describes itself as youthful and fresh, the perfect brand for young girls. The models in the naive realism show all strive to win $100,000 contract with Cover Girl. Needless to say, this has been an incredibly well executed advertising campaign, and it is endorsed by supermodel Tyra Banks, and is viewed by millions of young girls around the world. Last year Cover Girls revenue was US 79. 03 billion dollars. Even if only a smart per cent of young women buy the cosmetics because of the show, it is still a fantastic investment in advertising for the company.Many movies are following in the same trend by shamelessly centering their scripts around product placement, in some cases making it the focus of the entire movie. One extreme example in the satire comedy Talladega Nights starring Will Farrel. The film focuses around the advertisement of Nascar, Wonderbread, Old Spice, Perrier, Taco Bell, Kentucky Fried Chicken, and Applebees to name a few. The viewer is so overwhelmed by the amount of corporate sponsors, that they may fail to get by that there is no true story line.This movie is meant for a young audience as it is filled with outrageously inappropriate and immature humor that ironically identifies the fact that the movie is filled with product placement. This is a brilliant way to advertise numerous produc ts because the movie does not deny the fact, which makes it almost acceptable to the audience because of the recognition of the fact. Shortly after the movie aired, Wonderbread started a new savvy campaign of their own, introducing a new whole wheat version of their bread that catered to children.There is no doubt that Wonderbread became the face of Talladega Nights and thus unforgettable. In the fight for youth audiences, companies are now spending millions of dollars on market research in the mission of purpose out what is trendy and cool. In her article Niomi Klein identifies a different approach to researching the youth generation. Cool Hunters The legal stalkers of youth culture (Klein, pg. 72) are used to suss out teenagers by large corporations into order to stay current within their advertising and products. Armed with their change agents and cool hunters, the superbrands become the perennial teenage followers, trailing the smell of cool wherever it led (Klein, pg. 73) t hat brings reinvention to a whole new level. These marketers usually focus towards the ghettos of large cities, where subcultures start because of lack of money these youth are compel to use their creativity to standout and build a self image against the status quo. Corporations such as Nike recognize trends in these communities, and use it towards the advent of a new campaign and line of clothing or shoes.The irony is that this trend is catered to suburban youth fabricated to look like the youth from the ghettos because very often the most exciting outfits are from the poorest people. (Klein, pg. 73) Wherever there is a new trend emerging, the superbrands will find some way to materialize it for their own profit. This creates a problem of originality as no space has been left unbranded. (Klein, 73) Youth may find it difficult to create an outstanding and alternative image for themselves that does not represent ken consumerism.There is likewise some ethical problems with this m arketing trend as this could be seen as a new form of pirating ideas, and the compromising of privacy of the youth targeted in the ghettos. The trend of hip hop influence has spread to other companies such as Reebok, Tommy Hilfiger and even Levis as they use celebrity endorsements like 50 Cent, Puff Daddy and Jay-Z to further sell their reinvented brand images. In another effort to stand out and make a commercial unforgettable, some companies are going to extreme measures to create edgier content that abandons the use of musical inspired content, and uses portentous images in its place.One such company is Airwalk shoes which used body dismemberment and overflowing toilets as humor to create an uncensored voice of the counterculture. (Jensen, pg. 31) This campaign came into light after the success of dirty humor movies such as Theres Something About Mary and Monty Python. The first commercial hows an Airwalk consumer being chased by an angry motorist and ends up losses some limbs in the process. afterward the ordeal is over, the loyal customer finds one of his dismemebered legs in order to get his Airwalk shoe back.The second commercial titled Titanic illustrated a young man sitting on the toilet which starts to overflow, and he does everything to keep his Airwalk shoes from getting wet. The approach of the outrageous was aimed to be more viral, by using the shocking images to gain more media placement among ESPN, MTV, and Much Music. The spokesperson for Airwalk was quoted saying It wont be enough to just carpet-bomb consumers with your brand name a brand better be compelling enough that consumers covet it. (Jensen, pg. 1) The campaign was aimed towards a niche target audience of teenaged skateboarders that would appreciate the dirty humor, as they were thought to be as fearless and out-going as were the new 4 million dollar advertisements. Although they probably appealed to many young people, it most likely offended other viewers with the gut-wrenching content. This enkindle approach could either work in favor of the company or against it but by using such explicit humor may probe to be very limiting, as it may only appeal to a small audience, not generating as many sales.In the end, the campaign proved to be alike extreme for MTV which asked the company to tone down the dismemberment approach. After reviewing just a few modes of advertisement towards youth, the question of how this effects them during their reflective years, leading into adulthood. In a review of cognitive studies done on youth ages 11-16 years old had still not acquired an understanding of persuasive intent on a par with adult levels (Nairn & Fine, pg. 449-450) Thus these children were not able to identify clearly that companies were advertising to them in order to sell a product.This makes it very dangerous because teenagers may start forming habits of consumption before they are able to identify them completely leading to the onset of the mass consumerism attitude. Children around the aged of 12 do not show the expected increase in resistance to advertising (Nairn & Fine, pg. 450), making them an easy target for brand loyalty and preference for corporations. Consequently, a child shown a movie clip introducing a brand would be more likely to choose that brand after seeing it this was concluded by a oeuvre done by Auty and Lewis in the Psychology of Marketing.In light of this cultivation, the ethical issues surrounding advertising to children and youth should be taken under great consideration. By maybe limiting the amount of commercials during youth programming would have a positive effect of limiting the effects of mass consumer culture. But in contrast, much of the programming aired for youth is sponsored by large corporations, and if commercials are cut down, so is the funding. Not only may advertising effect the future consumer practices of youth, but it also may effect their morals and values.Seeing crude material such as the Airwalk commercials may have some influence in their tolerance for such humor, and may make it acceptable in their eyes. Images of sexually explicit content may also have the same repercussions towards behavior as well as self image. In shows like Americas Next Top Model, the girls are portrayed as perfect because they are thin youth may aspire to such ideals which may cause a negative self image towards themselves and others. Advertising is a powerful tool for many corporations, and they will constantly looking for new and exciting ways to capture the attention of youth.There numerous methods that make advertising almost inescapable. Every area of the environment becomes a good as advertising can be found on the floors and ceilings of buses, internet sites, and even in washrooms stalls. But what the youth of today have is more information at their disposal that they can use to combat large corporations, and be able to identify what these companies are doing. They can use this info rmation to generate their own income by using sites like YouTube, or use what they know against the corporations to ban advertising to young children.

Acquisition Strategy – Summary

ACQUISITION STRATEGY BY ALBERTO MEDINA MGT 450 ESSENTIALS FOR STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT INSTRUCTOT TRAVIS WILLIAMS January 23, 2011 In todays securities industry it is actually important for beau mondes to remain competive in order to maintain an edge over its competitors. The days that a gild can trust on its reputation to continue making profits are gone. Today, everyone is looking to save money by buying less expensive items like preservation brands, considering that the diffrences between the two products are similar and the features that are not offered are of little value.This will make a consumer buy the less expensive item. uniform consumers, companies are also looking to save money and maximize profit. One way of doing this is through skill strategies. Combining the operations of two companies is a very good option for companies that are looking to stregnthening the companys competincies and competitiveness, this will ultimately open new market opportunities ( try/Thompso n, p. 119). The benefit of this type of strategy, unlike alliances, they do not go far enough for the resources needed and a very important factor, ownership.In the following paragraphs, I will give two examples of two various companies in different industries and explain how they will stregnthen their market position through acquisiton, to include resources and competive capabilities. The first example I will use it Wells Fargo & Co. results from the acquisition of Wachovia Corporation. During the economic crisis Wells Fargo & Co. acquired Wachovia Corp in a bail out to keep the bank from going under. At one point Wachovia was Wells Fargos competitor. After the acquisiton it made Wells Fargo a banking giant absorbing its competion.Earnings from that acquisition have earned Wells Fargo Financial & Co. a 21% earnings since the acquistion, report record profits. This acquistion has allowed them to gain market share, this was mostly created by winning new customers. Mortgage loans wa s the top earner and low rates and prices of homes falling to record lows has allowed the company to grow even in these tough economic times. Additionally, the acquisition of Wacovia Corp. moves Wells Fargo as the second largest bank, second only to Bank of America. The strategy has allowed them to acquire a larger share of the financial market. The second company I will discuss is DuPont Nutrition & Health and Applied BioSciences acquisition of Danisco Corp. Once a yen time partner of DuPont, is a very good and proven company, is a good fit because of their proven market science business and offers clear synergy for them. The acquisition will make them the clear leader in industrial biotechnology with inovations in global challenges in regimen production and fossil fuel. This case will position the company ahead of all rivals addressing dramatic growth in human population in the years to come.Danisco is well established company that has research and application capabilities. Thi s will create a more cost efficient operation of the combined companies. The applications do not need to be reprized, nub their buying power will increase, administrative functions do not need to be replicated, and will further create more cost savings by downsizing. This acquisition will also allow them to enter new product categories, for example 65% of Daniscos revenue comes from specialty foods, product substitution items such(prenominal) as sweetners and enablers.This will allow them to enter renewable materials and addressing food needs. In conclusion, I have discussed Wells Fargo & Co. , and how their acquisition of Wachovia Corp has allowed the company to gain a larger geographic coverage has helped it create a more cost efficient operation by allowing to cut overhead costs by elliminating duplicate processes. Second, DuPont Nutrition & Health and Applied BioSciences acquisition of Danisco Corporation has allowed DuPont has made them the clear leader in industrial biotechn ology with inovations in global challenges in food production and fossil fuel.This gave them quick access to new technologies and other resources thus increasing their competive capabilities. Refrence 1. Essentials of Strategic Management, the Quest for Competitive Advantage 2nd Edition, John E. Gamble/ Arthur A. Thompson Jr. , McGraw-Hill/Irwin Companies Inc. 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY, 10020. 2. ProQuest, Ariticle, Biotechnology DuPont Acquire Danisco for $6. 3 Billion. Anonymous, Journal of Technological Science. Atlanta Jan 30, 2010. pg. 609. Periodical. 3. ProQuest, Wells Fargos Results Show More Benefits of Wachovia Deal, Wall alley Journal(Online), New York, NY Jan 19, 2011. Newspaper.

Maiden Voyage by Denton Welch Essay

This travelage from Maiden excursion by Denton Welch is an account of an adventurous European male child in China who wishes to explore the different cultures and experience the extraordinary. Yet he is everywherewhelmed by the barbarity of the new culture and this reveals to the reader the unexpectedness of life from the boys perspective. Through the first person communicatory and detai direct descriptions of the in timets, various themes much(prenominal) as teenage rebelliousness, gap between different cultures and our limited knowledge is highlighted finished different literary features such as contrast, colour imagery and metaphor.From the very beginning, the juxtaposition between the inside and the outside of the European villa accentuates the differences between two cultures. Inside the villa, where the foreigners live, seems to be more secure and colonised as reflected by the reference to the stable doors. The boys observation of the signs of cultivation also hints t he civilised European culture inside the walls. This perhaps links to Mr Butlers comment that foreigners ar not very popular and flock outside and foreigners have separate communities. The primary(prenominal) character using moth eaten balls and the old tennis racket shows that young sight like himself used to stay at the villa, but not for long periods of time it is where people dont appreciate the thoughts of the young. As the plot develops, the change in the set is emphasized by imagery.Words such as a black speck and a dark boulder are colour imageries used to reckon the unfavourable and unexpected event. Outside of the European villa, the human head that the boy has found implies that the culture outside is in a way, barbaric. This is supported by brute(a) images such as odd white teeth stood up like ninepins in its dark, gaping mouth, its cheeks and shrivelled lips were plastered black with change blood. These images not only highlight the unfortunate and unexpected ev ents, but also give emphasis on difference between the two cultures. The boys fear and realisation of the disgust between cultures are conveyed from the head is described through imagery. Tall rank grass grew was juiceless and sharp as knives. Also the second mention of the insects reminds the boy of the head, causing the boy to feel more fearful.Through the main character, the author explores various themes of maturityand our awareness of different cultures. Readers are able to observe that the main character seems to be a boy, from him playing tennis. It is shown that he is an adventurous person as he is longing to explore. He hates to be dependent on other people and says they would never want to do what I want to do- play up the theme of teenage rebelliousness and his desire to be independent.His unhappiness and dissatisf attain with his quiet lifestyle is suggested when He hits the balls fiercely against the stable doors. The boy feels imprisoned in a European villa and a tilt of poplars the orderly line of poplar implies the structured and formal environment of the villa. For the boy, even the straight line of poplars is a sign of restriction and imprisonment. . As an act of rebellion, he does not want to listen to the elders, but carries out what he believes to be right, without rational thinking about the consequences. .From the action of the main character, the author highlights the themes of teenage rebelliousness, difference between two cultures and acceptance of a different culture. In the line, he let himself quickly out of the hold gate, the back gate has an implication that it was done in secret. This once again reinforces the theme of teenage rebelliousness as this action was disapproved by Mr Butler and Mr Roote the adults. Despite his rebellious nature, however, his immaturity and lack of knowledge are evident in his initial response to finding the head.The rather nave observation of the head, I saw that the design was not black but p ink shows that he was not able to identify what he was seeing highlighting the boys unawareness of other cultures. This colour imagery used to describe the head, helps the reader picture the situation, and senses the shock that the boy feels. The line he stared at it stupidly until his numbed sensescan be construe as him being stupid and numb in the understanding of other cultures. When he finally finds out that it was a human head, he jumps backwith horror and terror. Such shock from the denudation of a new culture highlights the unexpectedness of some events in life.The boys panic is emphasized through metaphors and diction in the passage. The first cur barked as a sound imagery, contributes to the fast-flowing and panicking situation where the boy is running away from the head. Also, thewall is a metaphor for the separation between the two cultures. The tall rank grass that is dry and sharp as knives, shows that one culture is almost trying to repel the people from another. Al so, knives are an image that conveys cruelty and hostility between the two cultures. The boys horrify action and shock contributes not only to the differences of two cultures but also the lack of endeavour to tolerate these differences.In the passage from Maiden Voyage, various themes such as expectations from different cultures, teenage rebelliousness and our limited knowledge are explored though a European boys horrifying experience. These themes are supported by a variety of literary features such as colour imagery, metaphor and contrast. The authors message that people should try to accept and understand other cultures is conveyed in the passage through highlighting these main themes.Text -Foreigners are not very popular here, Mr Butler told me at breakfast. So I dont think you ought to go out alone.My perfume sank. I hated to be dependent on other people. They would never want to do what I wanted to do. I began to feel imprisoned. I took up the moth-eaten balls and the old te nnis racket which were lying in the hall, and went into the garden.I hit the balls fiercely against the stable doors until I was too hot and unhappy to go on. I sat brooding on the steps. I might have been in Sydenham for all I could see a European villa and a line of poplars yet outside lay a Chinese city which I was longing to explore.After lunch I decided that I could stand it no longer. Mr Butler and Mr Roote were still deep in their mornings discussion, so I let myself quickly out of the back gate and walked along the sandy lane which led into the country. Mr Butler could not mind my walking in the country, I thought.Everything was still and silent, in an early-afternoon torpor. The only sound came from the stunted bushes which squeaked and grated linguistically as the wind passed through them. Pillars and scarves of dust and sand rose up from the ground, eddying and swirling themselves into flat sheets which hoveredin the air. Harsh spears of grass stuck up through the sand. T he soles of my shoes began to burn and I looked round vainly for some shady place. I enjoyed the dreamlike stillness and wanted to stay out for as long as possible. I thought that if I walked on I might find a place. The road led towards the hills. Across the sandy plain the city walls stood up like slumps. Turrets and bastions were ruined cottages, crumbling into the sea.I walked on, hangout my eyes on a black speck some way in front of me. I wondered if it could be a cat crouching in the bosom of the road or perhaps it was a dark boulder.As I drew nearer, a haze of flies suddenly lifted, and I saw that the object was not black but pink. The loathsome flies hovered angrily above it, buzzing like dynamos. I bent my head down to see what it was. I stared at it stupidly until my numbed senses suddenly awoke again. Then I jumped back, my throat quite dry and my stomach churning.The thing was a human head. The nose and eyes had been eaten away and the black hair was caked and grey w ith dust. Odd white teeth stood up like ninepins in its dark, gaping mouth. Its cheeks and shrivelled lips were plastered black with dried blood, and I saw long coarse hairs growing out of its ears.Because it was so terrible, my eyes had to return to it whenever I looked away. I stared into its raw eye-sockets until waves of sickness spread over me. Then I ran. The whole plain and the bare hills had suddenly become tinged with horror.I found myself between high banks. I would soon be glide path to a village. thither were signs of cultivation. When the first cur barked, I turned and ran back the way I had come. I did not know what to do. I would have to pass the head again.I tried to avoid it by making for the city walls across the pathless sand. My feet sank in, and my shoes became full and heavy. My only idea was to getback to the house.Tall rank grass grew in the shadow of the wall. It was dry and sharp as knives. I pushed through it, looking up at the towering cliff for a gate o r steps to climb. Nothing else seemed to be alive except the insects. I could only hear their buzzing and the slap of them when they hit the wall.There was no gate. I began to feel desperate. I ran towards a bastion, wondering if I could climb up to it in any way. I knew that I could not.Denton Welch, Maiden Voyage (1943)

A Madman’s Diary, The True Story of Ah Q and The New Years Sacrifice Essay

I. IntroductionMuch of Lu Hsuns stories be recollections of his past struggles. He admits this in the preface of his collection of works entitled, Call to Arms. But as this collection was viewed by Lu Hsun himself as a way to encourage juvenility dreamers to pursue their aspirations and spare themselves of the agony of his youth, oft of it becomes a mirror as well of the Chinese culture and muniment. Hence, Lu Hsun is non only a school principal commander of mainland Chinas modern Cultural Revolution he is also the founder of modern Chinese literature.This root aims to make a meek critical analysis of Lu Hsuns work employ his send-off three short stories namely A Madmans Diary, The True paper of Ah Q and The New Years Sacrifice. These are chosen to identify patterns of themes, subjects and beliefs that are embodied in his writings. Also, we hope to be able to understand Chinese traditions and heritage using the same short stories. In the end we may find literature as a str ong method of making a noble portion to the world with its inherent power to opine, philosophize and influence.Let us begin with a brief telling of the stories plots and details. After which we enumerate the significance of each and at last to provide a general assessment of the storys lessons and socio-cultural and political implications. This last part of the analysis is relevant as we prolong had hints already of the intentions of the informant to provide an empowerment to the readers for the attainment of certain remnants. The paper will end in such a way that Lu Hsun is commended for his creativity in the chicanery to sop up shown harpency of his agenda as manifested in his literary machinery ergo, becomes successful and compatible endeavors of revolutionary and literary toils.II. A Madmans DiaryThe first story is a narration of Lu Hsuns reading of a diary of his old friend. The latter referred to as the harum-scarum, through his personal accounts induce expressed th e nature of his illness. He sees his own brother, relatives, neighbors and doctor as man-eaters. The content of the diary may seem weird and dreadful yet the author of the diary aerated of insanity has managed to think and speak of historical accounts to prove his case. For instance, he called a previous enemy, Ku Chiu which in translation means Ancient Times his doctor, Li Shih-chen who in history was a famous pharmacologist and authored the Materia Medica.Both usage have latent meanings and will be explained later. The madman also has cognition of several handed-down myths manage his mention of Yi Ya, who according to ancient records cooked his son as present to Duke Huan who was ruler since 685 to 643 B.C. of Chi he mentioned also Chieh and Chou who were known tyrants in history Hsu His Lin who during the end of Ching dynasty was a revolutionary executed in 1907 whose heart and liver were believed to have been eaten because of his assassination of a Ching official. Again, these historical descriptions have significance in the goal of the author of Madmans Diary.The context of the story may seem to its audience a basic case of mental illness but this is align unless proper decoding is employed. The story suggests that there is a past experience which the madman has underwent which we could think of as the cause of his psychosis. According to the author, the madman has suffered from persecution. The sentiment of the main(prenominal) char roleplayer at the time he was sick already against other people characterizes the same feelings he felt against them before this condition.Man-eating in the story symbolizes the feudal system in China. The oppression that the tenants suffer from their land lords has caused the madman to perhaps hate the former. The man-eaters in the story as observed by the madman consist of his neighbors, brother, doctor, etc. basically all those who are of the land-owning class. The conspirators making themselves man-eaters as well incl ude his own mother- this is imputable to the latters inability to reprimand his brother. To the madmans mind, those who support and those who are silenced by the oppression are a similar. This is why he refers to them as man-eaters as well they all look at him in the same way like fierce animals ready to eat him and his flesh. Everyday, the madman has to deal with the same looks and reactions.He thought he was doing a nigh job of having been able to decipher their true intentions of killing and eating him. In the end however it pained him to have known that his sister could have died in the same experience of being eaten by other people. It pained him that his own family has not done anything while his mothers weeping did not swap the fact of her daughters tragic death.The seemingly unjust treatment of the community against a madman like him is translated into the majoritys incapacity and overlook of buoyancy to uphold a revolution such as that which would overhaul feudalism and promote equality. Yet, the madman has seen that Mr Chao for instance did not look solely at him with anger but with fear as well. One is afraid to change the status quo where he/she is already benefiting. Just like Mr Ku Chiu who was displeased with his intervention on his account sheets twenty years ago. Ku Chiu meaning Ancient Times symbolizes the long history of feudal oppression in China.The madman might have do wild tilts in his diary but to a madman this signifies discontent, confusion, mixed emotions of fear and pain, none of which is equivalent to happiness and peace. He said he has not seen the moon for over thirty years. He must have been imprisoned or single out that long from the community, the people barely recognize him just like the dog which looked at him twice. In the new day or perhaps new circumstance he is into, he only remembers the feelings of annoyance against them. Yet he witnessed the children, lively as they may appear but the madman, reluctant about t heir purity thought they also had eyes that misinterpret him. When he said their parents could have told them about his story, he was referring to the possible transfer of the tradition of tyranny to the new generation and the hindrance to their quest for truth, justice and equality.The madman abhors the fact that the own victims of this scratchiness have not done anything to antagonize but why do they look at him like that? This is expressed in the part belowThose people, several(prenominal) of whom have been pilloried by the magistrate, slapped in the face by the local gentry, had their wives taken away by bailiffs, or their parents driven to suicide by creditors, never looked as frightened and as fierce then as they did yesterday (Lu Hsun, A Madmans Diary, April, 1918)He sees their laughers, discussions of him, teeth and speech as comprising their secret signs. in that location are statements in the story which the author has provided for us to understand further the nature of the norm in their history. Like when the madman remembers the time when he would be commended by his brother for his indifference vis a vis wrong doingsI remember when my elder brother taught me to write compositions, no matter how good a man was, if I produced arguments to the contrary he would mark that passage to show his approval while if I excused evil-doers, he would say Good for you, that shows originalityAt that time , it would have been better if you are blind and deaf and perhaps insane to resist the subjugation. This is also presented in the part where Mr. Ho, the doctor tells the madman preceptort let your imagination run away with you Rest quietly for a few days and you will be alright The madman sees this statement as a warning for his deed of courage and integrity. to be brave and righteous yield death of a man.Toward the end of the story, the madman asked a twenty year old lad if it was right to eat human beings and if such was an accepted act simply because it ha s always been like that. The author here is arriving at an assumption that a tradition of cruelty could have been regarded by most of them as justifiable by its permanence and embedded nature. But a argufy has been set forth in the end that is to become a real man. For the madman, real men dont eat human beings. Although as considered, native people have done so, he advised his brother that to remain like them is the same as reptiles and animals who eat flesh and must be sheepish of themselves.This is a way for the author to propose that to desist tradition (the four thousand years of eating flesh) is to put a halt to oppression this is the act of a real man. He calls on a change of spirit and ideas so he tells them in the story You should change at once, change from the stinkpot of your hearts You must know that in future there will be no place for man-eaters in the world . . . . His final words are equally challenging and meaningful. It was a call for change especially for t he youth Perhaps there are still children who have not eaten men? save the children. . .III. The True Story of Ah QThe second story is written in December, 1921. Ah Q is a worker in the Weichuang liquidation who has become a laughing stock and terminal figure of insult from amongst his fellow villagers. His death was a tragic one considering that while his origin has not been known to the author or to the village people in the story, the cause of his execution is also neither defined by him nor his fellowmen. It is in this cycle confusions and uncertainties that the story becomes a revelation of the situation of China during the early ordinal century.Lu Hsun has used characters in the story with meaningful roles in Chinas history. Mr. Chao and Mr. Chien are both influential and wealthy people in the village whose sons have given them pride by passing the examination and having been posted to high positions in the society Whiskers Wang and Young D who are servants like Ah Q had different perspectives and never united The Imitation Foreign Devil who studied in Japan and has returned to the village without any meaningful contribution the nun whom Ah Q have maltreated for his perceived false modesty of her the townspeople the military captain the successful provincial candidate the old man with a clean shaved head they all did not spare Ah Q a little.It appeared that Ah Q was fond of drinking wine, sleeping after a days job at the tutelary Gods Temple and imagining his own definition of victories. For Ah Q being beaten by a son is a victory and every time he is teased by the village folks for his scar that looked like ringworm on his head and crushed to the wall for his eccentricities, he considers them losers for they are his sons. This weird claim of Ah Q has made the people a lot more irritated of him.To him his only two defeats were namely his defeat by Whiskers Wang who he regard as his equal and by the Imitation Foreign Devil. He found dignity in hum iliating a small nun. When he lost his job due to an incident with a maidservant at the Chao family house, he headed to the other town where a stroke of luck provided him with goods enough to be sold and become a source of his new profit. Yet along with his return to the village and his renewed sense of respect for himself when the people started to talk about him and his fortune, a revolution occurred. Without much clarity, he was caught as suspect to a robbery by the revolutionaries at the Chao family.He told the captors that he might have approved of the revolution but he was not allowed to join because the Imitation Foreign Devil prohibited him. Uneducated, Ah Q was made to draw a circle as signature in a paper whose content was unknown to him and later that day, he was set as an example to the people and all other revolutionaries for death execution.One must have knowledge of Chinas history to be able to appreciate further Ah Qs story. The Qing dynasty with its long-lived rule and enormous failures has caused a deterioration of performance along traditional lines. The arrival of foreigners who were driven by the industrial revolution of the West had caused much indignation and loss of resources for the prideful denizens of China. With their superior weaponry and cultural transcendence might have brought Chinas independence they have nonetheless encountered opposition.This foreign presence has resulted to changed political demands among the revolutionaries. The Taiping Uprising for instance considered as the longest tiddler rebellion denounced Confucianism and found new aspirations in Christianity. The dynasty resorted to the Chinese provincial armies to suppress the Taipings.A lot has changed since the abolition of the civil service examination in China based on the Confucian classics. There has been a program of sending students to Japan for modern studies that brought radical ideas convinced of overthrowing the dynasty and revolutionizing China. This success of reformation however by Sun Yat Sen has not abandoned feudalism, and has worsened due to Chinas dependency in the new market economy and international trade, the condition of the peasants who were displaced and deprived. Warlordism and the insufficiency of nationalism have deepened the problem of China until the success of the CCP in the 1940s.These events took place prior and perhaps during the writing of Lu Hsuns Ah Q. Clearly, Ah Q represents the peasant revolution which has been isolated from the intellectuals endeavor. When Ah Q was denied participation by the Imitation Foreign Devil, the author has implied here that those who have attained education in Japan in the nineteenth century have not fulfilled the true essence of a revolution. They failed to establish unity among its people as superiority among the land owning class prevails. Thus, Ah Q might have precious to revolt for as he claimed in the story, revolution is good, but it was late for him to prove his str ength and capacity. He was executed in a discourtesy he has not committed. His lack of knowledge failed him to understand the situation this is more painful for him.